Impact of confinement housing on study end-points in the calf model of cryptosporidiosis
Identifieur interne : 000716 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000715; suivant : 000717Impact of confinement housing on study end-points in the calf model of cryptosporidiosis
Auteurs : Geneva Graef [États-Unis] ; Natalie J. Hurst [États-Unis] ; Lance Kidder [États-Unis] ; Tracy L. Sy [États-Unis] ; Laura B. Goodman [États-Unis] ; Whitney D. Preston [États-Unis] ; Samuel L. M. Arnold [États-Unis] ; Jennifer A. Zambriski [États-Unis]Source :
- PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases [ 1935-2727 ] ; 2018.
Abstract
Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death in children < 5 years globally and the parasite genus
Using a modified crossover study design we compared CFC and IC and evaluated the impact of housing on study end-points. At birth, calves were randomly assigned to confinement (n = 14) or box stall housing (n = 9), or were challenged with 5 x 107
Calves in confinement had no significant differences in mean log oocysts enumerated per gram of fecal dry matter between CFC and IC samples (
Housing method confounds study end-points in the calf model of cryptosporidiosis. Due to increased stress data collected from calves in confinement housing may not accurately estimate the efficacy of chemotherapeutics targeting
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006295
PubMed: 29694356
PubMed Central: 5937795
Affiliations:
- États-Unis
- Washington (État), État de New York
- Ithaca (New York), Seattle
- Université Cornell, Université de Washington
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Le document en format XML
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<series><title level="j">PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1935-2727</idno>
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<imprint><date when="2018">2018</date>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="sec001"><title>Background</title>
<p>Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death in children < 5 years globally and the parasite genus <italic>Cryptosporidium</italic>
is a leading cause of that diarrhea. The global disease burden attributable to cryptosporidiosis is substantial and the only approved chemotherapeutic, nitazoxanide, has poor efficacy in HIV positive children. Chemotherapeutic development is dependent on the calf model of cryptosporidiosis, which is the best approximation of human disease. However, the model is not consistently applied across research studies. Data collection commonly occurs using two different methods: Complete Fecal Collection (CFC), which requires use of confinement housing, and Interval Collection (IC), which permits use of box stalls. CFC mimics human challenge model methodology but it is unknown if confinement housing impacts study end-points and if data gathered via this method is suitable for generalization to human populations.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec002"><title>Methods</title>
<p>Using a modified crossover study design we compared CFC and IC and evaluated the impact of housing on study end-points. At birth, calves were randomly assigned to confinement (n = 14) or box stall housing (n = 9), or were challenged with 5 x 10<sup>7</sup>
<italic>C</italic>
. <italic>parvum</italic>
oocysts, and followed for 10 days. Study end-points included fecal oocyst shedding, severity of diarrhea, degree of dehydration, and plasma cortisol.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec003"><title>Findings</title>
<p>Calves in confinement had no significant differences in mean log oocysts enumerated per gram of fecal dry matter between CFC and IC samples (<italic>P</italic>
= 0.6), nor were there diurnal variations in oocyst shedding (<italic>P</italic>
= 0.1). Confinement housed calves shed significantly more oocysts (<italic>P</italic>
= 0.05), had higher plasma cortisol (<italic>P</italic>
= 0.001), and required more supportive care (<italic>P</italic>
= 0.0009) than calves in box stalls.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec004"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Housing method confounds study end-points in the calf model of cryptosporidiosis. Due to increased stress data collected from calves in confinement housing may not accurately estimate the efficacy of chemotherapeutics targeting <italic>C</italic>
. <italic>parvum</italic>
.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
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